Safari

1. Fast Method: Press Option + Command + E to immediately empty the cache.
2. Via Menu: Click Safari > Settings > Privacy > Manage Website Data > Remove All.
3. Via Develop Menu: Select Safari > Settings > Advanced and enable "Show Develop menu in menu bar." Then click Develop > Empty Caches.
4. Clear History: Choose History > Clear History to remove cookies and cache.

Google Chrome

1. Click the three-dot menu in the top-right corner.
2. Select Clear browsing data (or go to Settings > Privacy and security).
3. Set the time range (e.g., "All time") and check Cached images and files.
4. Click Clear data.

Firefox

1. Click the menu button (three lines) and select Settings.
2. Select Privacy & Security.
3. Under Cookies and Site Data, click Clear Data.